Getting educated about tax

Full time students pay income tax just like everybody else but research from HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) reveals that more than half of the UK's 2.3 million university students don't realise this.

The good news is many of those who have paid tax will be entitled to get it back if they have earned less than £6,475 during this year.

Students can find all the information they need at: direct.gov.uk/studenttaxadvice.

Students who think they may have paid too much tax can use the student tax calculator on our website (hmrc.gov.uk/calcs/stc.htm) to find out if they are due a cash refund and HMRC plans to launch a tax fact Facebook application complete with a refund calculator.

Three out of every four students take paid work, and if they have worked over the summer vacation or intend to get part-time work during term-time HMRC wants to help them to get the facts about tax right so that they don't pay more tax than absolutely necessary on their hard-earned cash.

HMRC's research also shows that there is no such thing as a typical student job - summer posts range from retail and hospitality to counting the number of passengers on trains or setting up bouncy castles for a city council.

Jane Frost, Director of HMRC Individuals Customer Directorate said:

"The start of the academic year is a good time to get educated about tax.

Making sure your tax code is right from the start of your paid employment can save you money and is good training for life after graduation. We want to help students understand how the tax system works ideally so they pay the right amount of tax from the outset and can claim what is due."

Key questions for Students

As well as being aware of their Personal Allowance, students should also find out:

What do I do with forms such as the P45, P60 and P38(S)?

Students who plan to work only during the holiday periods, and expect to earn no more than the Personal Allowance (currently £6,475) in the tax year can ask their employer for a P38(S) which they should complete and return to their employer at the start of their job. A P45 is given out at the end of a job and shows the pay received and tax deducted between the start of the tax year (6 April) and the date the employment ceased (if before 5 April the following year). The P60 summarises the yearly earnings and tax paid for a particular job. Students with more than one job at the 5 April each year will receive a P60 from each employer. The P45 and P60 forms should be kept in a safe place for future reference.

What does my tax code mean?

Your tax code shows how much you are allowed to earn before paying any tax. This helps employers to work out how much tax to deduct from your pay.

What if I have more than one job?

Like everyone else, students only have one Personal Allowance for each tax year and if they start a new job without finishing their first job, their second employer will ask them to fill out and sign a form P46. The employer uses the information on the P46 to notify HMRC that a new employee has started and to ensure the correct code is operated on earnings from the second job.

What are National Insurance contributions (NICs)?

NICs pay for social security benefits that you may receive later in your life and to help pay for the National Health Service. National Insurance contributions are recorded against a person's name using a National Insurance Number. NICs are deducted at source from pay by employers and cannot be claimed back. They are only paid once your income exceeds £110 a week. You'll need to keep a record of your National Insurance Number for any dealings with your tax office and your employer(s).

Who do I need to tell when I change address?

HMRC needs to be kept informed of your address. This is the individual's responsibility - don't assume your college or university will do it - and ensures you won't miss any important letters or forms - or rebates!